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Qatari–Bahraini War
The Qatari–Bahraini War was an armed conflict that took place between 1867 and 1868 in the Persian Gulf. The conflict pitted Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against the people of Qatar. The conflict was the most flagrant violation of the 1835 maritime truce, requiring British intervention.〔Jill, Crystal. ''Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar''. Cambridge University Press. P.30.〕 The two countries agreed to a truce, mediated by the United Kingdom, which led to Britain recognizing the Al Thani royal family of Qatar as the semi-independent ruler of Qatar. The conflict resulted in wide-scale destruction in both countries.
==Background==
The 1835 maritime truce was a truce agreed between Gulf states such as Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, the rest of the Trucial States as well as Bahrain and Oman. The truce was supervised by the British Royal Navy (notably the ''Bombay Marine'').〔 In order to enforce a pre-existing peace treaty (the General Maritime Treaty of 1820), the Bombay Marine deployed squadrons to the Gulf, based in Qeshm Island. The treaty prohibited piracy in the Gulf but it did not outlaw maritime warfare, as a result, the British acted differently towards pirates who attacked ships hoisting a British flag (these pirates were deported to Bombay to be tried) and those who attacked other parties' ships (the pirates would then be handed over to the country in question).〔 In 1835, a loose coalition of Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah ships began to harass and plunder vessels belonging to Oman. Britain intervened when two British flagged ships were plundered by Abu Dhabi. The Bombay Marine was dispatched and on 16 April 1835, a decisive victory for the British was won, leaving much of the Abu Dhabi vessels in ruins.〔
The 1835 truce initially started as a British-sponsored six-month truce during the pearling season, and was successful. It was renewed willingly by the Sheikhs for another eight months. The truce would then be renewed annually until 1843 when Britain proposed a 10-year truce, which was agreed by the Sheikhs.〔 During the peace, the Gulf states experienced an economic boom, hence why, in 1853, when Britain proposed a permanent peace, the Trucial States agreed.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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